Preface

The UNIX Operating System

An operating system (or "OS") is a set of programs that controls a computer. It controls both the hardware (things you can touch - such as keyboards, displays, and disk drives) and the software (application programs that you run, such as a word processor).

Some computers have a single-user OS, which means only one person can use the computer at a time. Many older OSes (like DOS) can also do only one job at a time. But almost any computer can do a lot more if it has a multiuser, multitasking operating system like UNIX. These powerful OSes let many people use the computer at the same time and let each user run several jobs at once.

experts, it can be a bit overwhelming at first. But after you get the basics (from this book!) you'll start to appreciate some of the reasons to use UNIX:

• You can thus do much more at a much lower cost.

• quality. They're maintained by volunteer programmers who want a powerful OS and are frustrated by the slow, bug-ridden development of OSes at big companies.

• Much of the development of the Internet was done on UNIX systems. Many Internet web sites and Internet service providers use UNIX because it's so powerful, flexible, and inexpensive.

• UNIX runs on almost any kind of hardware. After you learn UNIX on one system, you'll know how to use it on any other system.